[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/sudan-a-jeho-historie\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/sudan-a-jeho-historie\/","headline":"S\u00fad\u00e1n a jeho historie","name":"S\u00fad\u00e1n a jeho historie","description":"V\u00a0dob\u00e1ch starov\u011bku S\u00fad\u00e1n jako takov\u00fd neexistoval, jeho \u00fazem\u00ed bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 Egyptsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Kolem 3. stolet\u00ed se v\u00a0zemi za\u010dali objevovat prvn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9, av\u0161ak u\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b kolem 7. stolet\u00ed v\u00a0zemi za\u010dal p\u0159eva\u017eovat isl\u00e1m. Toto p\u0159etrv\u00e1valo a\u017e do konce 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy... <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/sudan-a-jeho-historie\/\"> Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a>","datePublished":"2019-02-22","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"zustan.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a338070_w2605_t1550907020.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a338070_w2605_t1550907020.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/sudan-a-jeho-historie\/","about":["\u017divotn\u00ed styl\r"],"wordCount":412,"articleBody":"\tV\u00a0dob\u00e1ch starov\u011bku S\u00fad\u00e1n jako takov\u00fd neexistoval, jeho \u00fazem\u00ed bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 Egyptsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Kolem 3. stolet\u00ed se v\u00a0zemi za\u010dali objevovat prvn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9, av\u0161ak u\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b kolem 7. stolet\u00ed v\u00a0zemi za\u010dal p\u0159eva\u017eovat isl\u00e1m. Toto p\u0159etrv\u00e1valo a\u017e do konce 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy v\u00a080. letech n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u016fdce al-Mahd\u00ed za\u010dal sjednocovat kmeny ze z\u00e1padu a st\u0159edn\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu a vytvo\u0159il tak kone\u010dn\u011b jednotn\u00fd st\u00e1t. Ov\u0161em ten byl z\u00e1hy v\u00a0roce 1898 zni\u010den spojen\u00fdmi silami Egypta a Anglie, v\u00a0zemi tak nastala nadvl\u00e1da Brit\u016f, kter\u00e1 trvala do roku 1956. V\u00a0tom roce S\u00fad\u00e1n z\u00edskal nez\u00e1vislost, ov\u0161em zapo\u010daly tak spory mezi severem a jihem zem\u011b.\tZa\u010dala tak ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0zemi trvala d\u011bsiv\u00fdch 17 let. Nakonec skon\u010dila v\u00a0roce 1972 dohodou, kdy m\u011bl vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed sever poskytnout jihu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru samostatnosti. Ov\u0161em sever smlouvu nedodr\u017eoval a d\u00e1le n\u00e1siln\u011b vyvlast\u0148oval p\u016fdu na jihu, a proto boje v\u00a0roce 1983 za\u010daly nanovo. V\u00a0roce 1989 za\u010dal v\u00a0zemi vl\u00e1dnout gener\u00e1l Umar al-Ba\u0161\u00edr, kter\u00fd je u moci a\u017e dodnes. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let se do zem\u011b se svoj\u00ed teroristickou organizac\u00ed al-Kajd\u00e1 p\u0159esunul Us\u00e1ma bin L\u00e1din, proto\u017ee finan\u010dn\u011b podporoval vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed stranu. Nakonec byl v\u00a0roce 1996 ze zem\u011b vypov\u011bzen a vr\u00e1til se do sv\u00e9ho domovsk\u00e9ho Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.\tAl-Ba\u0161\u00edr postupn\u011b S\u00fad\u00e1n p\u0159em\u011bnil na totalitn\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t a vytvo\u0159il organizaci N\u00e1rodn\u00ed isl\u00e1mskou frontu (NIF), jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 se stali jeho pobo\u010dn\u00edky ve vl\u00e1d\u011b. Na to v\u00a0roce 1998 zareagovaly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9, kdy jejich letadla za\u00fato\u010dila na tov\u00e1rnu v\u00a0Chart\u00famu, ve kter\u00e9 se \u00fadajn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bly zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 zbran\u011b.\tOb\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka severu proti jihu byla ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ukon\u010dena v\u00a0roce 2005. V\u00a0tomto konfliktu zahynulo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2 miliony civilist\u016f a ze 4 milion\u016f lid\u00ed se stali uprchl\u00edci. V\u00e1lku tak\u00e9 v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed \u010di v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e doprov\u00e1zelo mnoho hladomor\u016f. Dodnes trv\u00e1 povst\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti D\u00e1rf\u00faru.\tNa po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2011 se konalo referendum ohledn\u011b nez\u00e1vislosti Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu a ten se 9. \u010dervence 2011 stal samostatn\u00fdm st\u00e1tem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"S\u00fad\u00e1n a jeho historie","item":"https:\/\/www.zustan.cz\/sudan-a-jeho-historie\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]